wise sayings

σοφός, ή, όν,

A skilled in any handicraft or art, clever, ἁρματηλάτας ς. Pi.P.5.115, cf. N.7.17;

κυβερνήτης A.Supp. 770

;

μάντις Id.Th. 382

;

οἰωνοθέτας S.OT 484

(lyr.); of a sculptor, E.Fr. 372; even of hedgers and ditchers, Margites Fr.2; but in this sense mostly of poets and musicians, Pi.O.1.9, P.1.42, 3.113; ἐν κιθάρᾳ ς. E.IT 1238 (lyr.), cf. Ar.Ra. 896 (lyr.), etc.; τὴν τέχνην -ώτερος ib. 766;

περί τι Pl.Lg. 696c

; γλώσσῃ ς. S.Fr.88.10;

σοφὸς ὁ πολλὰ εἰδὼς φυᾷ, μαθόντες δὲ λάβροι Pi.O.2.86

.

2 clever in practical matters, wise, prudent, ὁ χρήσιμ' εἰδώς, οὐχ ὁ πόλλ' εἰδώς, ς. A.Fr. 390; esp. statesmanlike, in which sense the seven Sages were so called, Dicaearch. ap.D.L.1.40: hence, shrewd, worldly-wise, Thgn.120, Pi.I.2.12, Hdt. 3.85;

σ. ἄνδρες εἰσὶ Θεσσαλοὶ Id.7.130

;

σ. παλαιστὴς.., ἀλλὰ χαἱ χαἱ σοφαὶ γνῶμαι.. ἐμποδίζονται S.Ph. 431

, cf. 440, Aj. 1374; πολλὰ ς. A.Ag. 1295; ἃ δεῖ ς. E.Ba. 655 sq.;

τῶν λεγομένων πονηρῶν μέν, σοφῶν δέ Pl. R. 519a

: also

σοφαὶ πραπίδες Pi.O.11(10).10

;

φύσις Ar.V. 1282

: even of animals, X.Cyn.3.7 ([comp] Comp.), 6.13 ([comp] Sup.);

σ. πειθώ Pi.P.9.39

codd. ( σοφοῖς Bgk.);

εὐβουλία A.Pr. 1038

: τὸ ς. my little trick, Pl.R. 502d; your clever notion, Id.Euthd. 293d; τἀπ' ἐμοῦ σοφά, δάκρυα my tears, all the resources that I have, E.IA 1214; εἰ δίκαια, τῶν σοφῶν κρείσσω τάδε better than all craft, S.Ph. 1246; σοφόν [ἐστι] c. inf., E. Hec. 228.

b more generally, learned, wise,

τὸ μὲν σ. [αὐτὸν] καλεῖν ἔμοιγε μέγα εἶναι δοκεῖ καὶ θεῷ μόνῳ πρέπειν Pl.Phdr. 278d

, cf. 279c, Prt. 329e, Ap. 21a ([comp] Comp.), 22c ([comp] Sup.); opp. ἀμαθής, ib. 25d ([comp] Comp.); of sophists, ib. 20a, Prt. 309d, X.Mem.2.1.21, etc.; universally and ideally wise,

ὁ σ., τουτέστιν ὁ τὴν τοῦ ἀληθοῦς ἐπιστήμην ἔχων Chrysipp.Stoic.2.42

, cf. 3.167, al.: later σοφώτατος as a title, esp. of lawyers or professors, PIand.16.4 (v/vi A.D.), POxy.126.6 (vi A.D.).

3 subtle, ingenious, opp. ἀμαθής ( 1445 ) and σαφής, Ar.Ra. 1434 (Adv.);

σοφόν τοι τὸ σαφές, οὐ τὸ μὴ σαφές E.Or. 397

; τὸ σοφὸν οὐ σοφία wisdom overmuch is no wisdom, Id.Ba. 395 (lyr.); τί οὖν ἦν τοῦτο; οὐδὲν ποικίλον οὐδὲ σοφόν nothing curious or recondite, D.9.37.—For the senses of ς., v. Arist.EN 1141a10.—mostly abs., but c. acc. rei, E.Ba. 655, Pl.Phlb. 17c, etc.; also ἐν οἰωνοῖς, κιθάρᾳ, E. IT 662, 1238 (lyr.);

εἴς τι Id.Fr. 162

([comp] Sup.); περί τι or τινος, Pl.Smp. 203a, Ap. 19c: rarely c. gen.,

σοφὸς κακῶν A.Supp. 453

: also c. inf., πῶς δῆτ' ἔγωγ' ἂν.. Διὸς γενοίμην εὖ φρονεῖν σοφώτερος; S.Fr.524.7.

II of things, cleverly devised, wise,

νόμος Hdt.1.196

([comp] Sup.); νοήματα, ἔπεα, Pi.O.7.72 ([comp] Sup.), P.4.138, etc.;

γνῶμαι S.Aj. 1091

;

νοῦς Id.El. 1016

; πάντα προσφέρων σοφά all wise sayings, Id.Fr. 763, cf. Ph. 1245;

χρόνου τε διατριβὰς σοφωτάτας ἐφηῦρε Id.Fr. 479

;

σοφώτερ' ἢ κατ' ἄνδρα συμβαλεῖν ἔπη E.Med. 675

;

σ. φυγή Id.Supp. 151

; οὐδὲν σοφὸν εἶναι shows no great wisdom, Arist.EN 1137a10.

III Adv. σοφῶς cleverly, wisely, etc., first (?) in S.(?)Fr. 1122; then in E.Alc. 699, Ba. 1271 codd., Heracl. 558, Ar.Ra. 1434, etc.: [comp] Comp.

- ώτερον E. Hec. 1007

: [comp] Sup.

- ώτατα Id.Hel. 1528

, Ar.Nu. 522:— σοφῶς, as an exclamation of applause, Plu.2.45f, Mart.3.46.8, etc. (Not in [dialect] Ep., exc. in Margites l.c. and as ancient v.l. (Eust.1023.14 ) in Il.23.712; but v. σοφία, σοφίζομαι.)

προσεύχομαι impf. προσηυχόμην; fut. προσεύξομαι; 1 aor. προσηυξάμην (on the augment s. W-H., App. 162; Tdf., Prol. 121; B-D-F §67, 1; Mlt-H. 191f) mid. dep. to petition deity, pray (Aeschyl., Hdt.+; PEdg 7 [=Sb 6713], 10 [257 B.C.]; Sb 3740 [I A.D.] Ἄττηος προσεύχεται τοῖς ἐν Ἀβύδῳ θεοῖς; LXX; pseudepigr.; Philo, Joseph.; Ar. [Milne 76, 37f]; Ath. 11, 2) abs. (Demochares [300 B.C.]: 75 Fgm. 2 Jac.; Dio Chrys. 35 [52], 1) Mt 6:5–7; 14:23; 26:36; Mk 1:35; 6:46; Lk 1:10; 5:16; Ac 1:24; 6:6; 1 Cor 11:4f (on the topic of head covering s. PTomson, Paul and the Jewish Law [CRINT III/1] ’90); 14:14b; 1 Ti 2:8 (on the topic of prayer for gentiles s. Schürer II 311f); Js 5:13, 18; MPol 5:2; 7:3; 12:3; Hv 1, 1, 4; 3, 1, 6; 5:1; Hs 9, 11, 7a; D 8:2. AcPl Ha 1, 32; 2, 12; 4, 23; 7, 19; 11, 14 (restored) and 22; AcPlCor 2:30. Followed by a prayer introduced by λέγων (Is 44:17; cp. Did., Gen. 223, 28) Mt 26:42; Lk 22:41; cp. Mt 26:39; Lk 11:2 (on the Lord’s Prayer see TManson, The Sayings of Jesus ’54, 165–71; EGrässer, D. Problem der Parusieverzögerung, ’57, 95–113; HBetz, Essays on the Sermon on the Mount ’85, SM 370–86 [lit.]). W. dat. of pers. to whom the prayer is addressed (so predom. outside our lit.; see B-D-F §187, 4; cp. Rob. 538) πρ. τῷ θεῷ pray to God (Diod S 13, 16, 7 τοῖς θεοῖς; Chariton 3, 10, 6 θεῷ; Athen. 13, 32, 573d τῇ θεῷ; Philostrat., Vi. Apollon. 5, 28 p. 186, 9 τοῖς θεοῖς; Jos., Ant. 10, 252; cp. 256; τῷ ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεῷ Orig., C. Cels. 8, 26, 17) 1 Cor 11:13; τῷ κυρίῳ πρ. (TestJos 3:3; 7:4) Hv 1, 1, 3; 2, 1, 2; τῷ πατρὶ πρ. Mt 6:6b. Also πρὸς τὸν θεόν (LXX; ParJer 6:1) Hv 1, 1, 9. πρὸς κύριον GJs 20:2 (pap, not codd.; but 2:4 codd., not pap). W. dat. of manner πρ. γλώσσῃ, τῷ πνεύματι, τῷ νοί̈ pray in a tongue, in the spirit, with understanding 1 Cor 14:14a, 15; ἐν πνεύματι πρ. Eph 6:18; cp. Jd 20 (s. Borger, GGA 140); προσευχῇ πρ. pray earnestly Js 5:17. ἀδιαλείπτως 1 Th 5:17; IEph 10:1; Hs 9, 11, 7b. ἀδεῶς MPol 7:2a. πρ. ὑπέρ τινος pray for someone or someth. (Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 8, 26 p. 340, 5; LXX; ApcMos 36; Ath.; Hippol., Ref. 9, 23, 3) Mt 5:44 (cp. Ro 12:14 and Plut., Mor. 275d); Col 1:9; IEph 10:1; 21:2; ISm 4:1; D 1:3. Also πρ. περί τινος (LXX; s. περί 1f) Lk 6:28; Col 1:3; 1 Th 5:25; Hb 13:18; ITr 12:3; MPol 5:1; D 2:7; GJs 8:2. Foll. by ἵνα (B-D-F §392, 1c) Mt 24:20; 26:41; Mk 13:18; 14:38; Lk 22:40, 46. τοῦτο πρ. ἵνα Phil 1:9. περί τινος ἵνα Col 4:3; 2 Th 1:11; 3:1. περί τινος ὅπως Ac 8:15. ὑπέρ τινος ὅπως Js 5:16 v.l. Foll. by gen. of inf. w. art. (B-D-F §400, 7; Rob. 1094) τοῦ μὴ βρέξαι Js 5:17. πρ. ἐπί τινα (ἐπί 1cγ) vs. 14 (cp. Marinus, Vi. Procli 20b: Proclus, on his deathbed, has his friends recite hymns to him). W. acc. foll., which refers to the content or manner of the prayer (Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 6, 18 p. 229, 32) ταῦτα πρ. Lk 18:11. μακρὰ πρ. make long prayers Mk 12:40; Lk 20:47.—W. acc. of the thing prayed for πρ. τι pray for someth. (X., Hell. 3, 2, 22 νίκην) Mk 11:24; Ro 8:26 (on the ability of the ordinary person to pray see Philosoph. Max. p. 497, 7 μόνος ὁ σοφὸς εἰδὼς εὔχεσθαι=only the wise man knows how to pray).—FHeiler, Das Gebet⁵ 1923 (lit.); FDölger, Sol Salutis: Gebet u. Gesang im christl. Altert.² 1925 (material fr. history of religions); JDöller, Das G. im AT in rel.-gesch. Beleuchtung 1914; AGreiff, Das G. im AT 1915; JHempel, G. u. Frömmigkeit im AT 1922, Gott u. Mensch im AT² ’36; Elbogen² 353ff; 498ff.—EvdGoltz, Das G. in der ältesten Christenheit 1901; IRohr, Das G. im NT 1924; JMarty, La Prière dans le NT: RHPR 10, 1930, 90–98; JNielen, G. u. Gottesdienst im NT ’37; HGreeven, G. u. Eschatologie im NT ’31. LRuppoldt, D. Theol. Grundlage des Bittgebetes im NT, diss. Leipzig ’53; AHamman, La Prière, I (NT), ’59.—JoachJeremias, D. Gebetsleben Jesu: ZNW 25, 1926, 123–40; AJuncker, Das G. bei Pls 1905, Die Ethik des Ap. Pls II 1919, 55–72; CSchneider, Αγγελος IV ’32, 11–47 (Paul); EOrphal, Das Plsgebet ’33; J-AEschlimann, La Prière dans S. Paul ’34; GHarder, Pls u. d. Gebet ’36; AKlawek, Das G. zu Jesus 1921; AFrövig, D. Anbetung Christi im NT: TTK 1, 1930, 26–44; EDelay, A qui s’adresse la prière chr.? RTP 37, ’49, 189–201.—OHoltzmann, Die tägl. Gebetsstunden im Judentum u. Urchristentum: ZNW 12, 1911, 90–107, HWagenvoort, Orare: Precari: Verbum, HWObbink Festschr., ’64, 101–11 (prayer among the Romans); RMerkelbach, MTotti, eds., Abrasax: Ausgewählte Papyri religiösen u. magischen Inhalts, I: Gebete ’90; FHickson, Roman Prayer Language ’93; JCharlesworth, ed., The Lord’s Prayer and Other Prayer Texts fr. the Greco-Roman Era ’94 (lit. 186–201); MKiley, ed., Prayer fr. Alexander to Constantine (tr. only) ’97.—B. 1471. M-M. EDNT. TW.